Articles Archives

Labor Day – The Eight Hour Work Day

Written by Minich MacGregor Wealth Management on September 2, 2024. Posted in Articles, News, Posts.

Happy Labor Day!

Most of us associate Labor Day with BBQs, parades, and weekend camping trips. But the more we learn about the holiday, the more we realize that it’s really a celebration of things we take for granted yet couldn’t imagine living without. And it’s a commemoration of the men and women who risked their lives, liberty, and reputations to secure them for us.

For instance, take the eight-hour workday, the current standard in the United States.¹

Everyone has different careers and work schedules. Some are incredibly demanding and long. Others are on swing shifts. But for many Americans, the day looks like this: get up, eat breakfast, and see children off to school. Go to work, break for lunch, work through the afternoon, and then head home in time for dinner. It’s a simple thing, this schedule. But it’s a schedule that enables us to keep our bodies fueled, hydrated, and rested. A schedule that allows for time to attend our loved ones’ school plays and soccer games. A schedule that affords more time for recreation, relaxation, and self-improvement.

But it wasn’t always this way.

The year was 1835. The location: Philadelphia. Throughout this enormous city – indeed all throughout the country – workers knew only one sort of workday.

They called it “sun to sun.”

The moment the sun crested over the horizon each day; tens of thousands of laborers were already at work. Shoveling coal. Laying bricks. Painting houses, driving carts, unloading boats, and a hundred other tasks. They would work, often under hazardous conditions and for little pay until the sun finally went down. During the summer, this could mean up to 15 hours per day, leaving them no opportunity to see their families or do much of anything. The winter workday, in contrast, was comparatively short – at around 9 hours per day – but it also meant an enormous drop in pay or routine unemployment. Neither situation was acceptable for someone trying to feed their family. To make matters worse, the toil of a sun-to-sun day led to a laundry list of physical ailments. Workers routinely suffered “swollen ankles, nervous headaches, lung disease, stomach problems,” and much, much more.

Then, one day, a letter arrived from Boston. The city that helped launch the American Revolution was requesting help from the city that had declared American Independence. Laborers there – primarily carpenters, but soon masons and stonecutters, too – were done with this unfair system. They were demanding their rights as workers, citizens, and human beings for something better.

We have been too long subjected to the odious, cruel, unjust and tyrannical system which compels the operative mechanic to exhaust his physical and mental powers. We have rights and duties to perform as American citizens and members of our society, which forbid us to dispose of more than ten hours for a day’s work.²

Essentially, Boston workers were calling for a citywide guarantee of a 10-hour workday regardless of the season. And they were asking laborers in other cities to call for the same thing.

The letter quickly gained traction in Philadelphia, circulating from worker to worker with astonishing speed. (These days, we’d call it “going viral.”) For them, the demands in the letter were not just about having more time off. They were about ensuring the means to become better citizens and more productive members of society. As the letter from Boston had proclaimed — and as the Philadelphia workers then repeated — “We have taken a firm and decided stand to obtain the acknowledgement of those rights to enable us to perform our duties to God, our country, and ourselves.”³ So, in May, three hundred coal workers decided to go on strike. Together, they marched on the coal wharves and announced that no coal would be unloaded until a 10-hour workday was established.

This was not an easy decision. For any worker to go on strike was to risk not just their current job, but their entire future. Livelihoods and reputations could be ruined forever if the strike was not successful – and up to that point in American history, few strikes had been. In many cases, strikes could lead to injuries and even death. Nevertheless, the coal workers were quickly joined by almost every other laborer and tradesman in the city. The words in the Boston letter became a topic discussion in every tavern and meeting house. Altogether, over twenty thousand workers began marching around the city, carrying banners that said, “From 6 to 6, ten hours work and two hours for meals.”

The movement was so organized, united, and swift that within three weeks, the old sun-to-sun system was out. The ten-hour day became standard throughout the city. In addition, many workers also gained an increase in their wages. But the movement didn’t stop there. The news quickly spread to every corner of the country, and by the end of the year, workers from New England to the Carolinas had conquered the old system. A system that “left no time for mental cultivation and kept people ignorant by keeping them always at work.”³ A system that was “destructive of social happiness and degrading to the name of freemen.”³ In its place was a new system. One that had “broken [people’s] shackles, loosened their chains, and made them free from the galling yoke of excessive labor.” ³

The rights won in 1835 laid the foundation for the rights we enjoy today. An eight-hour workday. The right to take vacations or medical leave. To care for our bodies properly. To see our families. To learn, live, and worship however we see fit. Rights we cannot live without…and which were secured for us by people who simply wanted a better future for themselves and their children.

And that, to us, is what this holiday is all about. We wish you a happy Labor Day!

The Watch List

Written by Minich MacGregor Wealth Management on April 30, 2024. Posted in Articles.

Here at Minich MacGregor Wealth Management, our team has a “watch list” of economic factors, market data, and ongoing storylines that we keep an eye on. Sometimes, we move some items up or down on the list, depending on the impact we expect them to have on the markets. By doing this, we can ensure that you stay current with what’s going on.

Recently, a few items have dominated our watch list that we want to update you on. While the markets have had a good year overall – the S&P 500 gained 10.2% in the first quarter alone¹ – they were somewhat more volatile in April. That’s largely due to three factors: GDP, inflation, and what both mean for interest rates. So, with your April statement soon to be in your hands, we figured it was a good time to explain how these factors are affecting the markets.

Let’s start with GDP, or gross domestic product. GDP is the value of all the goods and services produced in a given period. Typically, a rising GDP indicates a healthy, growing economy. Here in the U.S., GDP growth has been positive for seven consecutive quarters. In fact, on April 25, the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis reported that the economy grew by 1.6% in the first quarter of the year.² But then a funny thing happened. When the news came out, the markets promptly slid.

Now, at first glance, this might seem counterintuitive. After all, isn’t the economy growing a good thing? If so, wouldn’t the markets go up on that news?

The daily movement of the markets is always driven by a variety of factors. In mathematics, we know that 1+1 always equals 2. In physics, we know that e=mc². (Don’t ask us to explain why, though.) But the markets are not governed by consistent laws. They are driven by data, yes, but also by the context surrounding that data…and by the emotions that context provokes.

In this case – and likely for the near future – there is a lot of context to consider when trying to parse any economic data. In this case, the context is as follows:

While the economy expanded in Q1, that growth was much lower than economists thought it would be. Most had forecast the nation’s GDP – the value of all the goods and services produced in a given period – would rise by around 2.4%, not 1.6%.² And the Atlanta Fed had estimated a 2.7% gain.³

This disparity between forecast and results was largely due to lower consumer spending. While spending did increase in Q1, to the tune of 2.5%, this was also lower than economists estimated.² A small decrease in exports and a slight increase in imports also dragged GDP down for the quarter.

That brings us to the second factor, inflation. On the same day as the most recent GDP report, the BEA also reported new data suggesting inflation may remain “sticky” for the foreseeable future. The Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index, which measures the change in the prices of goods and services purchased by all consumers in the U.S., rose by 3.4% in Q1. That’s a big jump from the 1.8% mark we saw in Q4 of 2023.²

Normally, the fact that the economy grew at all would still be cheered by investors, if for no other reason than what it might mean for the third factor: interest rates. As you know, the Federal Reserve has kept rates elevated for the past two years to help bring down inflation. Since higher rates typically lead to less borrowing and lower spending, they are effective at cooling prices down. But when the rate hikes began, many experts thought they would also cause the economy to decline.

So far, that hasn’t happened. So, investors figured that lower inflation, combined with a strong economy, would prompt the Fed to start lowering rates in the spring or early summer. (This expectation is one of the main reasons the stock market has performed so well over the last year.) But with inflation trending higher again, it’s now unlikely the Fed will cut rates anytime soon.

For investors, though, all this data suggests a new potential problem: stagflation.

While inflation is never easy, the pain has been cushioned somewhat by the fact that our economy has continued to grow at a healthy rate. But what if prices remain high while growth becomes stagnant? That’s stagflation. It’s rare, and to be clear, we’re still a long way from that. But Q1’s lower-than-expected GDP, combined with an uptick in inflation, now makes it a possibility our team has added to our “things to watch” list.

So, what does this mean going forward? Well, it’s important to remember that, while the markets move around like a motorboat, affected by every rock and wave, the overall economy turns like an aircraft carrier. The data we see from one quarter may not make its true effects known for months to come. So many outcomes are still in play. The economy may slow just enough to bring down inflation without stopping altogether. (That would be the Fed’s preference.) On the other hand, new factors may lead to the economy accelerating again in Q2 or Q3 while also keeping prices high. (In other words, a continuation of the status quo.)

It’s impossible to predict which way the ship will go. But what we can do is track which way the markets are trending now and then follow the rules we’ve established for your portfolio. If our signals indicate we should be offensive and look for opportunities, we’ll do that. If they indicate it’s time to play defense and focus on preserving your money, we’ll do that. In the end, it’s these rules and signals that will govern our decisions…not parsing every economic report, and certainly not emotion.

As always, our team will keep you apprised of what’s going on in the markets and why. We are constantly monitoring the items on our watch list and will continue to do so. So, if you ever have any questions or concerns, we are always here to address them. Have a great week!

¹ “Stocks close out 2023 with a 24% gain,” CBS, www.cbsnews.com/news/stock-market-up-24-percent-2023-rally/
² “GDP growth slowed to a 1.6% rate in the first quarter,” CNBC, www.cnbc.com/2024/04/25/gdp-q1-2024-increased-at-a-1point6percent-rate.html
³ “Stagflation fears just hit wall Street,” CNN Business, www.cnn.com/2024/04/26/investing/premarket-stocks-trading-pce-stagflation/index.html

4 Common Tax Mistakes

Written by Minich MacGregor Wealth Management on February 5, 2024. Posted in Articles, Featured, News, Uncategorized.

MISTAKE #1: Filing Too Early

It may be surprising to hear, but many people are so anxious to get their filing done ahead of time, they file their taxes before receiving all the proper documentation they need to ensure their information is accurate. This can lead to mistakes and processing delays.

MISTAKE #2: Missing Eligible Credits and Deductions

There are many credits and deductions you may be eligible for. But some of these, like the Earned Income Tax Credit, the Child Tax Credit, energy tax credits, and various itemized deductions, can be difficult to figure out, causing some to skip out on them entirely. This is why working with a good tax professional can really pay off.

MISTAKE #3: Forgetting to Contribute to an IRA

Some taxpayers forget to contribute to an Individual Retirement Account each year. These contributions are tax-deferred, meaning they can help reduce your taxable income. For the 2023 tax year, the contribution limit is $6,500 for those under age 50 and $7,500 for those over.*

MISTAKE #4: Not Reporting All Income

Many taxpayers only think of their paycheck when reporting income, forgetting to factor in dividends, bank interest, and other income sources. This information is critical for both calculating the credits and deductions you can take as well as the refund you are entitled to.

* “IRA Contribution Limits” – Internal Revenue Service

2023: The Year in Review

Written by Minich MacGregor Wealth Management on January 3, 2024. Posted in Articles, Featured, News, Posts.

Every January, it’s customary to look back on the year that was. What were the highlights? What were the “lowlights”? What events will we remember? Most importantly, what did we learn?

As you know, many noteworthy and historic events happened in 2023. Conflicts in Gaza, Ukraine, and Sudan. India surpassed China as the most populous country in the world. New temperature records were set all around the globe. The use of “artificial intelligence” exploded and turned multiple industries on their heads. Chinese spy balloons and deep-sea submarines grabbed the headlines. The “Barbenheimer” phenomenon reinvigorated Hollywood.

But in some ways, one of the most notable occurrences of 2023 is what didn’t happen: We never entered a recession.

When 2023 began, the fear of a recession was so widespread that it almost seemed inevitable. According to one survey, 70% of economists expected a recession to hit the U.S. in 2023.¹ Another survey found 58% of economists believed there was a more than 50% chance of a recession.¹ For politicians, pundits, and analysts, it was practically all they could talk about.

But it never happened. Instead, the economy grew by 2.2% in the first quarter, 2.1% in the second, and 4.9% in the third.² (As of this writing, the numbers for Q4 are not yet available, but it’s expected to go up again.) None of this is to say that our economy is perfect, or that we won’t have a recession in the future. But for 2023, all the gloomy forecasts simply didn’t come to pass.

Now, let’s be fair to all those economists who got it wrong: They had very good reasons for expecting a recession. Reasons based on data, logic, and history.

You see, when the year began, the U.S. was coming off a nasty 2022. While consumer prices were already coming down from their earlier highs, the national inflation rate was still 6.5%.³ Interest rates, meanwhile, had risen dramatically, from just above 0% at the beginning of 2022 to over 4% by the end.⁴ It was already the highest level we’d seen in fifteen years – just before the Great Recession, in fact – and every indication was that rates would continue to rise higher. All this economic pain was reflected in the stock market. The S&P 500, for example, dropped over 19% in 2022.⁵

For economists, all this data seemed to point a clear way forward. The Federal Reserve is mandated to keep consumer prices as stable as possible. (Its target has long been to hold inflation to around 2%.) When inflation runs hot, the Fed’s main tool for lowering it is to raise interest rates. Higher rates often lead to lower consumer spending. Lower spending, in turn, prompts businesses to decrease the cost of the goods and services they provide. Essentially, higher rates create an environment where supply is greater than demand, thus cooling inflation.

But there’s a side effect to this. If spending drops too much, businesses are often forced to cut back on expansion, investment, and labor costs. This leads to a rise in unemployment…and a contracting economy. In short, a recession.

This string of events isn’t just logical. It’s supported by history. When inflation has skyrocketed in the past, the Fed’s playbook has usually worked to bring prices down…but it’s usually triggered a recession, too. Economists call this a “hard landing.”

Look at these two charts. The top shows interest rate levels since 1955.³ The gray bars indicate a recession. Notice how often a gray bar appears in the aftermath of a sharp rise in rates? Similarly, the bottom chart shows the unemployment rate.⁶ See how the gray bars always coincide with a major spike in unemployment? It’s clear that, historically, fast-rising rates often trigger a rise in unemployment…which contributes to a recession.

What about when prices come down, but the economy does not? Economists call that a soft landing, and it’s proven to be very difficult to achieve. It’s no surprise, then, that most economists predicted a hard landing in 2023.

One year later, that hasn’t happened. Interest rates did continue to rise. As of this writing, they’re at 5.3%.⁴ Inflation has continued to cool, albeit slowly. As of November, the inflation rate was 3.1%. That’s a 3.4% drop from the beginning of the year.³ But consumer spending has remained steady. The labor market has remained strong. The unemployment rate was only 3.7% as of November.⁶ And, as we’ve already covered, the economy has continued to grow.

From a financial standpoint, this, to us, is the major storyline of 2023. Which means we must ask ourselves: “What can we learn from it?” As financial advisors, we’ve taken the time to jot down a few lessons we think are worth remembering as we move into the New Year. Here they are:

#1: Always emphasize preparation over prediction. The economists who predicted a recession weren’t stupid. They used the best data they had to make the best predictions they could. But 2023 shows that even the most well-informed people simply can’t see the future. Even the near future! There are simply too many variables to consider. That’s why, as investors, we must always emphasize planning over predicting. We can’t predict when the markets will drop nearly 20%, as they did in 2022.⁵ Or, when they’ll rise by well over 20%, as they did in 2023.⁵ What we do at Minich MacGregor Wealth Management is plan ahead for what each of our clients should do if the markets fall, or if they rise. We help our clients prepare mentally and financially for both market storms and market sunshine. So that they can weather the former and take advantage of the latter.

When investors predict, they’re essentially swinging for the fences on every pitch. Occasionally, a prediction can lead to a home run…but it can also lead to a lot of strike outs. By planning, we don’t have to swing at all. Since we can’t control the situation, we simply make the best out of every situation. We control only what we can control – ourselves.

#2: Be wary of confirmation bias. Earlier in the year, we spoke to many people who were convinced a recession would happen. Because of that, they tended to disregard all data that pointed away from a recession, and only valued information that confirmed what they already believed. As a result, many investors missed out on a stellar market recovery. Thankfully, our clients did not. This is another example of why preparing is much better than predicting. It removes emotion from decision-making. At Minich MacGregor Wealth Management, we’re not so focused on “being right” as we are on “being ready.”

#3: Remember that past performance is no guarantee of future results. You’ve probably seen this line in the past, and 2023 is a great example of why. Just because rising interest rates have led to recessions in the past doesn’t mean they always will. Just because the markets went one direction yesterday doesn’t mean they’ll go the same direction tomorrow. While history isa great resource to draw from when making decisions, it’s just a guide, not a guarantee.

#4: At the same time, don’t anchor to the present. As humans, we have a natural tendency to think that the way things are today is how they’ll be tomorrow. When 2022 ended, many investors felt that 2023 would be much the same. Now, investors run the risk of thinking that just because a recession didn’t happen last year, it won’t happen this year.

Again, it all goes back to planning and preparation. Here at Minich MacGregor Wealth Management, we will continue to prepare for all possible outcomes. We’ll help our clients plan for how to reach the outcomes they want and avoid the ones they don’t. We would love to help you, too! But instead of predicting, instead of assuming, instead of anchoring, we will accept that the future is written in clay, not stone. Only when it becomes the past does it harden. By doing this, we can help shape your future into whatever it is you want it to be.

So, that’s 2023! We hope it was a wonderful year. If you ever need any help making 2024 even better, know that we are always here. In the meantime, we wish you a Happy New Year!

SOURCES:

¹ “Top US economists are often wrong – should we trust their predictions?” The Guardian, www.theguardian.com/business/2023/nov/19/us-economists-wrong-predictions

² “Annualized growth of real GDP in the United States,” Statista, www.statista.com/statistics/188185/percent-change-from-preceding-period-in-real-gdp-in-the-us/

³ “United States Inflation Rate,” Trading Economics, https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/inflation-cpi

⁴ “Federal Funds Effective Rate,” St. Louis Fed, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FEDFUNDS

⁵ “S&P 500 Historical Annual Returns,” Macrotrends, https://www.macrotrends.net/2526/sp-500-historical-annual-returns

⁶ “Unemployment Rate,” St. Louis Fed, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/UNRATE

Notepad with plans for the next year and the inscription - 2024 goal, plan, action

Why are New Year’s Resolutions So Hard To Keep?

Written by Minich MacGregor Wealth Management on December 21, 2023. Posted in Articles, News, Uncategorized.

As you know, this is a time of year when many people make New Year’s resolutions. Lose weight, stop smoking, save more, learn a new skill, get more sleep, visit a new place, get finances in order, etc. You name it, chances are, someone has resolved to do it.

As financial advisors, people often come to us for help with any financial resolutions they have – or resolutions that require some change in their financial situation to achieve. But often, people come only after they have tried and failed to keep those same resolutions on their own.

This got us thinking: Why are New Year’s resolutions so hard to keep? In most cases, our resolutions are good for us. We want to do them. So why aren’t they easier?

There are many reasons for this, but one of the most important can be best explained by Aesop’s classic fable about…

The Dog and His Reflection

It happened that a Dog, after much hunger and long labor, had finally procured for himself a chunk of meat, and was carrying it home in his mouth to eat in peace. On his way home, the Dog had to cross a fallen tree trunk lying across a running brook. As he crossed, he looked down and saw his own reflection in the water beneath. Thinking it was another dog with an equally large piece of meat, he made up his mind to have that also. So, he snapped at the reflection in the water. But as he opened his mouth, his own meat slipped out, fell into the brook, and was never seen by the Dog again.

While some have interpreted this fable to be a warning against greed, we look at it a little differently. Despite being halfway to his goal – enjoying a nice meal – the Dog became distracted by a different goal, and in pursuing that, lost sight of his own.

In our experience, this happens to most of us every year. We set a goal we want to achieve, something we truly care about. But it takes time to accomplish our resolutions, and it’s very easy to get distracted by the newest, shiniest things. For example, imagine someone resolves to save $200 per week, so that they can finally take that trip to the Caribbean they’ve always dreamed of. But after doing this for three months, they see another person enjoying the latest iPhone that came out, so they decide to go for that instead. After all, the Caribbean will always be there. So, they spend all the money they’ve saved – and suddenly, they’ve sabotaged their own resolution.

This happens on a larger scale, too. we’ve seen people who dream of a retirement spent in the sun…only to go chasing shadows instead. We’ve seen people with grand plans to start their own business one day…only to spend their time watching television.

Of course, there’s nothing wrong with buying a new iPhone or relaxing in front of the TV. But to truly change our lives for the better, we must learn discipline. We must hold ourselves accountable. We must keep our eye on what’s truly important, and not be distracted by reflections.

There are several ways we can do that. Here are a few we’ve found to be especially helpful:

Be specific with your resolutions. People who set specific goals are more likely to achieve them. For example, instead of resolving to save money, resolve to save $200 per week.
Put it in writing. Write down your resolutions and post them in a place where you will see them every day. This will help remind you of what you’re working towards, so you won’t end up like the Dog in the fable.
Set realistic goals. Set goals that are within your reach, and don’t try to take on too much at once. Be mindful of your finances and schedule. Account for the fact that sometimes, you need to kick back and relax or spend money on a whim. In addition, take your time. There’s no prize for finishing first, and anyway, to quote another one of Aesop’s fables, slow and steady wins the race.
Develop a plan. This is so important. Create a timeline with steps toward your goal. Set deadlines for each and cross them off as you go. This will help you generate both the momentum and the motivation you need to continue.
Ask for help. Whether it’s with a financial professional or a life coach, if you find yourself struggling to reach your goals, don’t think you need to do it alone! Find someone who can help keep you focused and accountable.
Reward yourself. Acknowledge even the smallest of achievements. Keeping resolutions is hard work, and you should be proud of everything you accomplish!

Regardless of what you do, always remember The Dog and His Reflection. It can make all the difference.

Good luck and Happy Holidays!